The Clearing House Association released research that finds that the largest banks have incurred $27-$45 billion in annual costs related to post-crisis regulation. The study considers the annual cost of compliance with the: (i) G-SIB capital surcharge, (ii) enhanced supplemental leverage ratio, (iii) liquidity coverage ratio, (iv) net stable funding ratio, (v) proposed rules on long-term debt and wholesale funding, and (vi) Tester amendment. The study excludes offsets that are difficult to quantify, such as those related to CCAR, and thus likely underestimates the overall cost of compliance.